Aztec Empire

The Aztec Empire was a powerful civilization that dominated much of central Mexico during the 15th and early 16th centuries. Its capital, Tenochtitlan, stood on islands in Lake Texcoco where Mexico City is located today. Founded in 1325 by the Mexica people, the city grew into one of the largest urban centers in the Americas.

The empire expanded through military campaigns and alliances, requiring many conquered cities to pay tribute in goods such as maize, cotton, cacao, feathers and precious materials. This wealth supported impressive temples, markets and public works. Although people often speak of the "Aztec Empire," it was actually led by the Triple Alliance formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan, with Tenochtitlan gradually becoming the dominant power.

Aztec society was organized into social groups that included rulers, priests, warriors, merchants, artisans and farmers. Religion played a central role in daily life, and many gods were honored through ceremonies and offerings. Some rituals included human sacrifice, which the Aztecs believed helped maintain the balance of the universe, though these practices remain one of the most debated aspects of their history.

The Aztecs also developed advanced knowledge of agriculture, using chinampas, or artificial farming islands, to grow crops efficiently. They excelled in astronomy, engineering and craftsmanship, producing remarkable sculptures, jewelry and manuscripts. In 1521, the empire fell after the Spanish conquest led by Hernán Cortés and supported by Indigenous allies, but Aztec culture continues to influence Mexico today.