Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients, along with proteins and fats. Their primary role is to provide the body with energy. During digestion, most carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, a simple sugar that serves as the preferred fuel for the brain, nervous system and muscles. The body can use glucose immediately or store some of it as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.

Carbohydrates naturally occur in foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and dairy products, while they are also added to many processed foods in the form of sugars and refined starches. Like proteins, carbohydrates provide about 4 kilocalories per gram. Not all carbohydrate-rich foods have the same nutritional value.

Whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables also supply fiber, vitamins, minerals and other beneficial compounds. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that is not fully digested, yet it supports digestive health, helps regulate blood sugar levels and increases the feeling of fullness. In contrast, foods high in added sugars or refined grains often provide energy with fewer nutrients and are easier to overconsume.

Healthy eating does not require avoiding carbohydrates altogether. Instead, nutrition experts generally recommend choosing mostly minimally processed sources and balancing carbohydrate intake with proteins, healthy fats and regular physical activity to meet the body's energy needs.