Digestion

Digestion is the process by which the body breaks food down into nutrients that can be absorbed and used for energy, growth and tissue repair. It begins in the mouth, where chewing breaks food into smaller pieces and saliva starts digesting some carbohydrates. After swallowing, food travels through the esophagus to the stomach, where it is mixed with acid and digestive enzymes.

It then moves into the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile produced by the liver help digest fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Most nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, allowing them to reach cells throughout the body. The remaining material passes into the large intestine, where water and some minerals are absorbed before waste is eliminated.

The trillions of microorganisms that make up the gut microbiota also play an important role by helping ferment certain types of fiber and producing substances that support digestive and overall health. Digestion usually takes between one and three days from eating to elimination, although the exact time varies between individuals and meals.

A balanced diet rich in fiber, adequate hydration, regular physical activity and eating at a comfortable pace all contribute to healthy digestion. Occasional digestive discomfort is common, but persistent symptoms such as severe pain, unexplained weight loss or blood in the stool should be assessed by a healthcare professional.