Gorilla

The gorilla is the largest living primate and is found in the tropical forests of central Africa. There are two species, the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, each divided into subspecies. Although gorillas are powerfully built, they are mainly herbivores. Most of their diet consists of leaves, stems, shoots and fruit, with the exact foods depending on the habitat and the season.

They usually move on all fours using their knuckles, a form of movement known as knuckle-walking. Their long arms and strong muscles allow them to climb when necessary, especially younger individuals, even though adult males spend most of their time on the ground. Gorillas have excellent memory, can solve simple problems and are capable of learning by observing other members of their group.

A gorilla family is generally led by a mature male called a silverback, named after the band of silvery hair that develops across his back with age. He protects the group, settles conflicts and decides when it is time to move or rest. Gorillas communicate through facial expressions, body posture, vocal sounds and even gentle touches.

They build a new nest from branches and leaves each evening to sleep, either on the ground or in trees, depending on their size and the environment. Young gorillas stay close to their mothers for several years while learning social behavior and survival skills. Habitat destruction, poaching and diseases have caused many populations to decline, making the protection of African forests essential for their future.