Hygiene

Hygiene is the set of habits and practices that help protect health by reducing exposure to germs and other causes of disease. Good hygiene includes washing the hands with soap and water, bathing regularly, brushing the teeth, wearing clean clothes, handling food safely, and keeping living spaces clean. Many bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can spread through contaminated hands, food, water, or surfaces.

Although many microorganisms are harmless or even beneficial, some can cause infections. Simple hygiene measures reduce the risk of illness and help limit the spread of infectious diseases at home, in schools, workplaces, and healthcare settings. Good hygiene also supports comfort, confidence, and overall well-being. Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent many infections.

It is especially important before preparing or eating food, after using the toilet, after coughing or sneezing, after touching animals, and after caring for someone who is ill. Hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and water for at least twenty seconds, or cleaned with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap and water are not available.

Hygiene also includes covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, keeping vaccinations up to date, cleaning frequently touched objects, and using safe drinking water. Combined with healthy nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep, these everyday habits contribute to better health throughout life.