Maple

Maple is the common name for trees and shrubs of the genus Acer, which belongs to the family Sapindaceae. There are more than 130 recognized species, found naturally mainly across the Northern Hemisphere, although some occur in subtropical regions. Maples vary greatly in size and form, from small trees to large forest species. Their leaves are often divided into distinct lobes, but their shape differs from one species to another.

Many maples are deciduous and lose their leaves in autumn. During this season, pigments that were hidden by green chlorophyll become visible, producing yellow, orange, or red foliage in several species. The fruits are paired winged structures called samaras, which can spin as they fall and help disperse the seeds by wind. Maples are important in many forests because they provide food and shelter for insects, birds, and other animals.

Some species are also widely planted in parks, gardens, and along streets for their shade and seasonal foliage. The wood is valued for furniture, flooring, musical instruments, and other objects because it is generally hard and workable. Certain species, especially sugar maple (Acer saccharum), are tapped in late winter or early spring to collect sap, which can be concentrated into maple syrup.

This production is particularly important in parts of Canada and the northeastern United States. Maples also have cultural significance: the sugar maple leaf appears on the Canadian flag, while different maple species are used as symbols or ornamental trees in many regions.