Nervous System

The nervous system is the body's communication and control network. It receives information from the senses, processes it and sends signals that allow the body to react to its surroundings and regulate internal functions. It is divided into two main parts. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, where information is analyzed and decisions are made.

The peripheral nervous system is formed by nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, carrying messages to muscles, organs and sensory receptors. These signals travel through specialized cells called neurons, which communicate using electrical impulses and chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters.

The nervous system controls both voluntary actions, such as walking, speaking and writing, and automatic functions that occur without conscious effort, including breathing, heartbeat, digestion and body temperature regulation. It also makes learning, memory, emotions and decision-making possible. Many organs constantly exchange information with the nervous system to help maintain the body's internal balance, a process known as homeostasis.

Healthy sleep, regular physical activity, mental stimulation, a balanced diet and protecting the head from injury all contribute to maintaining normal nervous system function. Doctors evaluate the nervous system through physical and neurological examinations, as well as tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, electroencephalography and nerve conduction studies when needed.