Skeleton

The skeleton is the framework of the human body. An adult skeleton is made up of 206 bones connected by joints, ligaments and cartilage. It supports the body's shape, protects delicate organs and provides attachment points for muscles, making movement possible. The skull protects the brain, the rib cage surrounds the heart and lungs, and the vertebral column supports the body while shielding the spinal cord.

Bones are living tissues supplied with blood vessels and nerves. They are constantly renewed through a process called bone remodeling, in which old bone is broken down and replaced with new tissue. This process helps maintain bone strength throughout life. The skeleton also performs several important functions beyond supporting the body.

The hard outer layer of bones stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the bloodstream when needed. Inside many bones, the bone marrow produces blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. During childhood and adolescence, bones grow in length thanks to growth plates located near their ends, which gradually close in adulthood.

Regular weight-bearing exercise, a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and avoiding smoking all help maintain healthy bones. Doctors use physical examinations together with imaging techniques such as X-rays, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose bone injuries and skeletal diseases.