Stress

Stress is the body and mind’s response to a challenge, demand or situation perceived as difficult. It can appear when a person has to adapt quickly, solve a problem, face uncertainty or cope with strong emotions. In the short term, stress can be useful: the brain activates systems that increase alertness and prepare the body to respond.

Heart rate and breathing may become faster, muscles become more ready for action, and attention can become more focused. This response is partly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system and by hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. Once the situation passes, these systems normally become less active and the body gradually returns to its usual state.

Stress is not harmful in every situation, but prolonged or very frequent stress can affect well-being. It may contribute to headaches, muscle tension, digestive discomfort, difficulty concentrating, irritability or sleep problems. People do not all react to the same situation in the same way, and the intensity of stress can depend on circumstances, previous experiences, available support and individual characteristics.

Regular physical activity, sufficient sleep, balanced meals, time for enjoyable activities and supportive relationships can help with everyday stress. Relaxation techniques and slow breathing may also reduce physical tension. If stress becomes persistent, overwhelming or interferes with school, relationships or daily activities, talking to a trusted adult or a health professional can be helpful.