Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked country in central Europe, bordered by France, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Italy. It covers about 41,300 square kilometres. Bern is the federal city and seat of the main federal authorities, while Zurich is the largest city. The country is divided into 26 cantons, which have substantial powers of self-government.

Switzerland’s landscape is shaped by three major regions: the Jura Mountains in the northwest, the Swiss Plateau in the centre and the Alps in the south. The Alps cover most of the country’s mountainous area and include peaks such as the Dufourspitze, Switzerland’s highest point at 4,634 metres. Lake Geneva, Lake Constance and Lake Zurich are among its best-known lakes.

Switzerland has a varied climate influenced by altitude, the Alps and air masses from surrounding regions. Lowland areas generally have milder conditions, while the mountains are colder and receive more snow. The Rhine, Rhône, Ticino and Inn are among the country’s major rivers, although many Swiss rivers continue into neighbouring countries.

German, French, Italian and Romansh are the four national languages, with their use varying by region. Switzerland is a federal republic with a parliamentary system and a strong tradition of direct democracy. It is not a member of the European Union, but it maintains close economic and political relations with the EU. The country is also known for its important role in international diplomacy and for hosting organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross.