United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country in Western Asia, on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers about 83,600 square kilometres and shares land borders with Saudi Arabia to the south and Oman to the east and southeast. Its northern coastline opens onto the Persian Gulf, where the country also has numerous islands and shallow coastal waters. The UAE is a federation of seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah.

Abu Dhabi is the federal capital and the largest emirate by area, while Dubai is the country's most populous city and a major international centre for business and transport. Much of the territory consists of desert plains and sand dunes, with gravel plains and mountains in the east. The Hajar Mountains rise along the border with Oman, and Jebel Jais, in Ras Al Khaimah, reaches about 1,934 metres, making it the country's highest natural point.

The UAE has a hot desert climate, with very high summer temperatures, mild winters and generally low rainfall. Coastal areas are often more humid because of their proximity to the Persian Gulf, while the eastern mountains have somewhat cooler conditions and receive more rain. Natural freshwater is scarce, so the country relies heavily on desalination and other water-management systems. Its ecosystems include deserts, oases, mangroves, salt marshes, rocky mountains and coastal marine habitats.

These environments support species such as the Arabian oryx, gazelles, foxes, sea turtles and many migratory birds. Petroleum and natural gas have played a major role in the country's economic development, while trade, finance, manufacturing, construction, aviation and tourism have become increasingly important. Arabic is the official language, and English is widely used in business, education and everyday communication. The UAE's strategic location and rapid urban development have made it an important economic and transport hub linking Asia, Africa and Europe.